Periodontics: Gum and Jawbone Health

Periodontics is the dental specialty focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal (gum) disease, which affects the gums and underlying jawbone. The gums support and surround the teeth, while the jawbone anchors them securely. Periodontists undergo extensive additional training to maintain the health, function, and aesthetics of the gums and jawbone.

Reasons for Periodontal Treatment

Periodontal disease is a progressive condition that often begins as mild gum inflammation, known as gingivitis. It is the leading cause of tooth loss among adults and should be addressed promptly. While symptoms may include red, swollen, painful, or bleeding gums, some cases show no obvious signs.

The disease typically starts when bacteria in dental plaque infect the tissues surrounding the teeth, causing irritation and discomfort. If left untreated, the infection can lead to jawbone recession and tooth loosening.

Common reasons for periodontal treatment include:

  • Moderate to advanced gum disease: Red, swollen, or bleeding gums around most teeth, often accompanied by jawbone recession.
  • Localized gum recession: Gum infection may begin in one area or result from over-brushing with a hard-bristled toothbrush or misaligned teeth. Early treatment helps prevent further progression.
  • Crown lengthening: Periodontists may remove surrounding soft tissue to expose more of the tooth before restorative procedures.
  • Ridge augmentation (recontouring): Corrects uneven gum lines to improve aesthetics. Any underlying infection must be treated before such procedures.

Periodontal Treatment Options

For mild to moderate periodontal issues, treatment focuses on eliminating bacterial infection and advising proper home oral care techniques.

  • Deep scaling and root planing: Removes plaque and tartar from the teeth and beneath the gum line.
  • Advanced cleaning: In severe cases where the jawbone has significantly receded, more intensive cleaning may be necessary, and unsalvageable loose teeth may be removed.

Periodontists are also trained in dental implant procedures, providing a solution to restore function and aesthetics when teeth are lost due to periodontitis.

Because periodontal disease progresses over time, controlling bacterial buildup and tartar is essential to prevent further damage. Your periodontist will guide you on effective cleaning methods and the most appropriate treatment options to maintain healthy gums and jawbone.